FIBR

Your teenage daughter gets top marks in school, captains the debate team, and volunteers at a shelter for homeless people. But while driving the family car, she text-messages her best friend and rear-ends another vehicle. How can teens be so clever, accomplished, and responsible-and reckless atthesametime?Easily, according to two physicians at Children's Hospital Boston and Harvard Medical School (HMS) who have been exploringthe uniquestructure and chemistry of the adolescentbrain. "The teenage brain is not just an adult brain with fewer miles on it," says Frances E. Jensen, a professor of neurology. "It's a paradoxical time of development.These are people with very sharpbrains, but they're not quite sure what to do with them."

Now that doesn't mean that plainness is the only good style, or that you should become a slaveto spare, unadorned writing. Formality and ornateness have their place, and in competenthands complexity can carry us on a dizzying, breathtaking journey. But most students, most of the time, should strivetobe sensibly simple, and to develop a baselinestyle of short words, active verbs, and relatively simple sentences conveyingclear actions or identities. It's faster, it makes arguments easier to follow, it increases the chances a busy reader will bother to pay attention, and it lets you focusmore attention on your moments of rhetorical flourish, which I do not advise abandoning altogether.

Sportswomen's records are important and need to be preserved. And if the paper records don't exist,we need to get out and start interviewing people, not to put too fine a pointon it, while we still have a chance.After all, if the records aren't kept in some form or another, then the stories are losttoo.

Almost all public spaces nowadays have advertisements in sight, and all forms of media, from newspapers to the cinema to the Internet, are filledwith adverts. This all-pervasive presence reflectsthe value of advertising to us. Without it, businesses of all types and sizes would struggleto inform potential customers about the products or services they provide, and consumers would be unable to make informedassessments when looking for products to buy and services to use. Without advertising, the promotion of products and practicesthat contribute to our physical and psychological well-being-medicines to treat minor ailments, insurance schemes to protect us, clothes and cosmetics to make us look and feel better- would be infinitelymore problematicthan it is. And without advertisements and the aspirationsrepresented in them, the world would be a far dullerplace.

By 2025, government experts' say, America's skies will swarm with three timesas manyplanes, and not just the kind of traffic flying today. There will be thousandsof tiny jets, seating six or fewer, at airliner altitudes,competing for space with remotely operated drones that need help avoiding mid air collisions,and with commercially operated rockets carrying satellitesand tourists into space.

The inevitable consequences includerampant corruption, an absence of globally competitive companies, chronicwaste of resources, rampant environmental degradationand soaring inequality. Above all, the monopoly over the powers is inconsistentwith the pluralism of opinion on which a dynamic economy depends.

An ice storm is a type of weatherwhen icyrainfall comes down into the cold air and the water turned into ice.Once there was a serious ice storm when morethan 16,000 households had a blackout duringthe ice storm as the ice storm would smash the cables.

Kathryn Mewes does not meet bohemian, hippy parents in her line of work. Typically one, or both, of the parents she sees work in the City of London. "Professionals seek professionals," she says. Originally a nanny, Mewes is now a parenting consultant, advising couples privately on changing their child's behaviour, aswellasdoing corporate seminars for working parents. Her clients find they are unprepared for the chaos and unpredictability that having a child can entail. "Parents are getting older, they have been in control their wholelivesand been successful. Suddenly a baby turns up and life turns on its head." Nicknamed the "Three-Day Nanny" becauseofher pledge to fix behavioural problems in children under the age of 12 within three days, she is filming a new Channel 4 television series demonstrating her techniques. The roleof the parenting consultant - distinct from that of a nanny - has developed, she says, as people are used to buying in expertise, such as personal trainers or, in her case, parenting advice.

Genius, in the popular conception, is inextricably tied up with precocity-doing something truly creative, we're inclined to think, requires the freshness and exuberance and energy of youth. Orson Welles made his masterpiece, "Citizen Kane," at twenty-five. Herman Melville wrote a book a year throughhis late twenties, culminating, at age thirty-two, with "Moby-Dick." Mozart wrote his breakthrough Piano Concerto No. 9 in E- Flat-Major at the ageof twenty-one. In some creative forms, like lyric poetry, the importanceof precocity has hardened into an iron law. How old was T. S. Eliot when he wrote "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock" ("I grow old . . . I grow old")? Twenty-three. "Poets peak young," the creativityresearcher James Kaufman maintains. Mihály Csíkszentmihályi, the author of "Flow," agrees: "The most creative lyric verse is believed to be that written by the young." According to the Harvard psychologist Howard Gardner, a leading authority on creativity, "Lyric poetry is a domainwhere talentis discovered early, burns brightly, and then peters out at an early age."

It is difficult to tell precisely when the Breton language was born. As early as the VIth century the new country was establishedand known as “Lesser Britain”, but for many centuries its language remainedclose to the one of Great Britain’s – very close even to the dialect spoken in the South West. The VIIIth century is the milestone where Breton, Cornish and Welsh are consideredas different languages.

Cuteness in offspring is a potentprotective mechanism that ensuressurvival for otherwise completely dependentinfants. Previous research has linked cuteness to early ethological ideas of a "kindchenschema" (infant schema) where infant facial features serve as "innate releasing mechanisms" for instinctualcaregiving behaviours. We propose extending the concept of cuteness beyond visual features to includepositive infant sounds and smells. Evidence from behavioural and neuroimaging studies links this extended concept of cuteness to simple "instinctual" behaviours and to caregiving, protection and complex emotions. We review how cuteness supportskey parental capacities by igniting fast privileged neural activity followed by slower processing in large brain networks also involved in play, empathy, and perhaps even higher-order moral emotions.

Let us then suppose the mind to be, as we say, white paper, voidof all characters, without any ideas: How comes it to be furnished? Whence comes it by that vast store which the busy and boundlessfancy of man has painted on it with an almost endless variety? Whence has it all the materials of reason and knowledge? To this I answer, in one word, from experience: in that, all our knowledge is founded,and from that, it ultimately derivesitself.

Australia and New Zealand have many common links. Both countries were recently settled by Europeans, are predominantly English speaking and in that sense, share a common cultural heritage.Although in close proximity to one another, both countries are geographically isolated and have small populations by world standards.They have similar histories and enjoy close relations on many fronts . In terms of population characteristics,Australia and New Zealand have much in common. Both countries have minority indigenous populations, and during the latter half of the 20th century have seen a steady stream of migrants from a variety of regions throughout the world. Both countries have experiencedsimilar declines in fertility since the high levels recorded during the baby boom, and alongside this have enjoyed the benefits of continually improving life expectancy. One consequence of these trends is that both countries are faced with an ageing population, and the associatedchallenge of providing appropriate care and support for this growing group within the community

Volcanoes blast more than 100 million tons of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere every year but the gas is usually harmless.When a volcano erupts, carbon dioxide spreads out into the atmosphere and isn't concentratedin one spot. But sometimes the gas gets trapped undergroundunder enormous pressure. If it escapes to the surface in a dense cloud,it can push out oxygen-rich air and become deadly

Although environmentalists have been warningabout this situation for decades, many other people are finally beginning to realise that if we don't act soon it will be too late. The good news is that more and more businesses and governments are beginning to understandthat without a healthy environment the global economy and everything that depends on it will be seriously endangered. And they are beginning to take positiveaction.

Higher education qualifications provide a substantial advantagein the labour market. Higher education graduates are less likely to be unemployedand tendto have higherincomes than those without such qualifications. Having a highly educated workforcecan also lead to increased productivity and innovation and make Australia more competitivein the global market

Colorful poison frogs in the Amazon owe their great diversityto ancestors that leapt into the region from the Andes Mountains several times during the last 10 million years, a new study from The University of Texas at Austin suggests. This is the first study to show that the Andes have been a majorsource of diversity for the Amazon basin, one of the largest reservoirsof biological diversity on Earth. The finding runs counterto the idea that Amazonian diversity is the result of evolution only within the tropicalforest itself. "Basically, the Amazon basin is a melting pot for South American frogs," says graduate student Juan Santos, lead author of the study. "Poison frogs there have come from multiple places of origin, notably the Andes Mountains, over many millions of years. We have shown that you cannot understand Amazonian biodiversity by looking only in the basin.Adjacent regions have played a major role

Lake Turkana is a large lake in Kenya, East Africa. This partof Africa was home to some of the first humans. Here, archaeologists have found piles of bones(both human and animal) and collections of stones that humans used as tools.By carefully uncovering and examiningthese remains, scientists have started to put together the story of our earliest ancestors. In 2001, a 4 million year-old skeleton was uncovered in the area. Although a link between it and modern-day humans has not been established, the skeleton shows the species was walking upright.

Early impressionist painters were considered radicalin their time because they broke many of the rules of the picture-making that had been set by earlier generations.They found many of their subjectsin life around them rather than in history, which was then the accepted sourceof subject matter for paintings.

People who visit health professionals tend to be older than the generalpopulation, because illness increases with age. However, the proportionof the population who visited complementary health therapistswas highest between the ages 25 and 64 years. The lower rates for people aged 65 years and over contrastedwith the rate of visits to other health professionals which increased steadily with increasing age. The reasons for this difference might include lower levels of acceptanceof complementary therapies by older people. Alternatively, older people may have different treatment priorities than do younger people because their health on average is worse while their incomes are generally lower.

Upholding the motto of “Integrity, Vision and Academic Excellence”, Shanghai International Studies University (SISU) is an internationally recognized, prestigiousacademic institution distinctive for its multidisciplinary and multicultural nature, committed to preparing innovative professionals and future global leaders for a wide range of international expertise to address the critical challenges of our times. Drawing on our strengths in multi-language programs and multi-disciplinary resources, while responding to national and regional strategies, we operate more than 70 research institutes and centers serving as academic think tanks to provide advisory services on language policies, diplomatic strategies and global public opinionof China. These academic entities have contributed landmark research and are also dedicated to promoting the development of social sciences in China. We have now establishedpartnerships with more than 330 universities and institutions from 56 countries and regions, and have maintainedclose connection with international organizations, including the United Nations and the European Union.

In geologic terms, a plate is a large, rigid slab of solid rock. The word tectonics comes from the Greek root“to build.” putting these two words together, we get the term plate tectonics, which refersto how the Earth’s surface is built of plates. The theory of plate tectonics statesthat the Earth’s outermost layer is fragmentedinto a dozen or larger and small plates that are moving relativeto one another.

We now know through the work of neuroscientists that the human brain is wired to mimic other people, and this mimicry involves actual involuntary physiological experiencein the observer. Human beings tend to imitateactions that they see. Physiologically, our brains include mirror neurons, which reactto actions that are seen as if we are doing the action ourselves. It is largely an unconscious and automatic experience. When we hear people speak, observe their vocal nuances,watch their posture, gestures, and facial expressions, etc, neural networks in our brains are stimulated by the”shared representations” generating feelings within us that reflectthe experience of those we are observing.

The overall result of two or moreforces acting on an object is called the resultant force the resultant of two forces is a single force, which has the same effect as the two forces combined. If two forces pull an object in oppositedirections, the size of the resultant can be found by subtractingone force from the other. If the forces are equal,they balance each other.

An exhibit that brings together for the first-timelandscapes painted by French impressionist Pierre-Auguste Renoir comesto the National Gallery of Canada this June. The galleryin Ottawa worked with the National Gallery of London and the Philadelphia Museum of Art to pulltogether the collection of 60 Renoir paintingsfrom 45 public and private collections.

The National Portrait Gallery's Conservation Department performs one of the Gallery's corefunctions, the long-term preservation of all Collection items, to make them accessiblenow and in future. The Collection datesfrom the 8th century to the present day, and consistsof portraits in a variety of media, so the gallery employs Conservators with expertisein a range of disciplines, including Framing, Painting, Paper, Sculpture and Photography.

What is music? In one sense, this is an easy question.Even the least musical among us can recognize piecesof music when we hear them and name a few canonical examples.We know there are different kinds of music and, even if our knowledgeof music is restricted, we know which kinds we like and which kinds we do not.

For many first-year students, the University may be their first experienceliving away from home for an extended period of time. It is a definitebreak from home. The individual's usual sourcesof support are no longer present to facilitateadjustment to the unfamiliar environment.

Coastal fish farms seem to do less harm to nearby plants and animals than previously believed, a new study reveals.And marine ecosystems can recover from this damage surprisinglyfast. But the analysis of a single trout farm in a Faroe Islands fjord over nearly a year also shows that these facilities need to be placedcarefully, and that there’s a limit to how many can operatein a particular area before its biodiversity suffers lasting harm. In coastal farms, fish live in large cages hanging from pontoons on the surface. Fish feces and uneaten food sink to the seabed, affecting its ecosystem. Badly-managed farms can also have serious effectson the surrounding water column.

Coffee is enjoyed by millions of people every day and the 'coffee experience' has become a staple of our modern life and culture.While the current body of research related to the effects of coffee consumptionon human health has been contradictory, a study in the June issue of Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, which is published by the Institute of Food Technologists (IFT), found that the potential benefitsof moderate coffee drinking outweigh the risks in adult consumers for the majority of major health outcomesconsidered.

Business etiquette in Australia is relatively straightforward for Americans and Europeans. But it differsgreatly to the approach taken in the country's Asian backyard, the sourceof an increasing proportion of its trade and investment. To many Asians, Australians' openness can appear blunt and unsubtle;their informality confusing and even disrespectful. Even if Australia is less egalitarian than it was, it is less hierarchicalthan many societies and first names are almost always used, irrespective of rank.

My school in the city of London held a charitycompetition. In the community, I was voted as the chairman. We raised£48,000 and I won the first place in the end. During this period, I learnt a lot and realised the importance of tenacityand how to rouseother pupils' awareness.

On average, Iceland experiencesa major volcanic event once every 5 years. Since the Middle Ages, a third of all the lava that has coveredthe earth's surface has erupted in Iceland. However, according to a recent geological hypothesis, this estimate does not include submarineeruptions, which are much more extensive than those on the land surface.

Shakespeare produced most of his known worksbetween 1589 and 1613. His early plays were mainly comedies and histories, genreshe raised to the peak of sophistication and artistry by the end of the sixteenth century. He then wrote mainly tragedies until about 1608, including Hamlet, King Lear, and Macbeth, considered some of the finest examplesin the English language. In his last phase, he wrote tragicomedies, also known as romances, and collaboratedwith other playwrights.

The casualobserver does not necessarily recognise the skillin how a teacher, for instance, responds to a thoughtful question from a normally quiet student and how that may be very different from the 'standard response' to a commonly inquisitive or talkativestudent. Expert teachers are aware of what they are doing; they monitor and adjust their teaching behaviors to bring out the bestin their students.

Telephone networks are big and complexbecause the demandincrease needs to function well in multiple environments. Therefore, we need to forecastfuture development and use the simulation system that are greatlyin use. profitinvention

The lightest of any solid element, lithium has, until now, played a modestrole in industry. Silvery in color, and softer than lead, it has been used mainly as an alloy of aluminum, a base for automobile grease, and in the productionof glass and ceramics. It is so unstablethat it is never found in its pure form in nature. Lithium floats on water—or, rather,it skitters wildly about, trailing a vapor cloud of hydrogen, untilit dissolves.

When that happens, staff will help the person — strungout and now a little stressed — fish their drugs out of the rubbish. On their way out, they might have a blood test, their first dentalcheck-up in years, or just a hot cup of Milo. 'We enable people to inject in the centre because that's what they do,' the medical director, Nico Clark, tells Guardian Australia during a recent visit to the North Richmond Community Health Centre. 'The majority are dependent on their substances.The purpose is not to be a place that facilitates injection perse, the purposeis to keep people alive.' The center is a response to a coroner’s report that noted the heroin-relate deaths in the area in 2016.

London's National Portrait Gallery is currently celebrating the fifty-year careerof photographer Sandra Lousada. The twenty one portraits on displaydepict key figuresin literature, film and fashion from the early 1960s. Subsequentto the acquisition of forty portraits by Lousada, the display at the National Portrait Gallery highlights shots taken between 1960 and 1964, many of which featurein Lousada's book Public Faces Private Places(2008). Formal commissioned portraits are shown alongside behind-the-scenes photographs taken on film setsand unguarded portraits of sitters captured at home.

The transitions which occurred in Britain around 100BC, and after 43 AD, when the Roman Army invadedBritain, represent the key points of socio-economic trend in Britain's past. During the first century BC, the traditional communal form of life shiftedrapidly to a world where certain individuals becomemore important. During the first century AD, Britain becamefully a part of the Roman Empire.

Electric eels are born to shock. Thanks to cells called electrocytes which, stacked like batteries, make up 80% of their bodies, these cunning South American hunterscan deliver debilitating blows of up to 600 volts to their prey. But they’ve harnessed their electricity to pack even bigger punches. Last year, Vanderbilt University biologist Kenneth Catania revealed electric eels bring their positively charged head and negatively charged tailcloser together to generate a more powerful current.

Private schools in the UK are redoubling their marketing efforts to foreigners. Almost a third of the 68,000 boarding pupils at such schools alreadycome from overseas. But now, with many UK residents unwillingor unable to afford the fees – top boarding schools are edgingtowards £30,000 ($49,759) a year – and a cultural shiftaway from boarding, many schools are looking abroad to survive. Overseas students now accountfor about £500m of fee income a year for boarding schools in the UK. They come from Hong Kong, China, Germany, Russia and Spain, as well as from Africa, South Korea and other parts of Europe.

To better understand selfies and how people form their identities online, the researchers combed through 2.5 million selfie posts on Instagram to determine what kinds of identity statements people make by taking and sharing the photos. Nearly 52 percent of all selfies fellintothe appearance category: pictures of people showing off their make-up, clothes, lips, etc. Pics about looks were two times more popular than the other 14 categories combined.After appearances, social selfies with friends, loved ones, and pets were the most common (14 percent). Then came ethnicity pics (13 percent), travel (7 percent), and health and fitness (5 percent). The researchers noted that the prevalence of ethnicity selfies (selfies about a person’s ethnicity, nationality or country of origin) is an indication that people are proud of their backgrounds. They also found that most selfies are solo pictures, ratherthan taken with a group. Overall, an overwhelming 57 percent of selfies on Instagram were posted by the 18-35-year-old crowd, something the researchers say isn’t too surprising consideringthe demographics of the social media platform. The under-18 age group posted about 30 percent of selfies. The older crowd (35+) shared them far less frequently (13 percent). Appearance was most popular among all age groups. Lead author Julia Deeb-Swihart says selfies are an identity performance—meaning that users carefully craft the way they appear online and that selfies are an extension of that. This evokes William Shakespeare’s famous line: “All the world’s a stage, and all the men and women merely players.”

In the preceding hundred years, Paris had been the centerstage for political and social movementsthat had deeply affected all of Europe. The many ways in which tradition had already been challenged and shakenduring those years helped make it easier for those to achieve a break with traditional art.

Dance has played an important role in many musicals. In some cases,dance numbers are included as an excuse to add to the color and spectacle of the show, but dance is more effective when it forms an integral part of the plot.An early example is Richard Rodgers On Your Toes (1936) in which the story about classical ballet meeting the world of jazz enabled dance to be introduced in a way that enhances,rather than interrupts the drama.

The ruins of the South Fremantle Power Station have stood empty since 1985, home only to urban explorers and street artists.Opened in 1951, the power station was once a pillar of progress for the expanding energy demandsof Perth. Here it stood proud and strong for 34 years, supplying energy to its surrounding metropolis until 1985 when it was deemed to no longer be worth the money.The doors were shuttered, and the plant’s four tall chimney stacks were demolished, leaving the rest of the plant to rot by the sea.

Green spaces contributesignificantly to a reductionof soil and aerial temperatures during spells of hot weather, so contributing to human wellbeing. In the garden context,there is, however, little information as to what extent various types of plants differin their cooling potential and how certain planting combinations may maximize cooling under a scenario of lowrainfall and minimal water inputs.

Chimpanzee posture, gestures, and facial expressions communicate many messages and emotionsbetween various individuals. When greetinga dominant individual following an absence or in response to an aggressive gesture, nervous subordinatesmay approach with submissive signals —— crouching, presenting the hindquarters, holding a hand out —— accompanied by pant —— grunts or squeaks. In response, the dominant individual may make gestures of reassurance,such as touching, kissing, or embracing.

Low fertility is a concern for many OECD countries as they face the prospect of population aging. This article makes comparisonsbetween Australia and seven other OECD countries in fertility rates between 1970 and 2004. Changing age patternsof fertility are also compared and show that for most of the countries, women are postponingchildbirth and having fewer babies. The associationsof women's education levels and rates of employment with fertility are also explored.

The closingdecades of an artist's life do not generally make the biographer's heart beat faster, but Claude Monet is one of a handful of painters who bucks the pattern of an irrelevantold age. While it's true that by the time he was 73 he had accumulatedall the usual dragging baggage – outhouses full of fancy cars, a taste for expensive wine and a sprawl of dependents – it was also now that he produced career-defining work.

Since the beginning of the financial crisis, there have been two principal explanationsfor why so many banks made such disastrous decisions. The first is structural. Regulators did not regulate. Institutions failed to functionas they should. Rules and guidelines were either inadequate or ignored.The second explanation is that Wall Street was incompetent,that the traders and investors didn't know enough, that they made extravagant bets without understandingthe consequences.

Although Botswana is rich in diamonds, it has high unemployment and stratified socioeconomic classes. In 1999, the nation sufferedits first budget deficit in 16 years becauseof a slump in the international diamond market. Yet Botswana remainsone of the wealthiest and most stable countries on the African continent.

Researchers suggest the following tips as you begin to network, seek common ground, engagewith your network regularly, and consistently applyyourself to making your network work or it will wither. It is a skill that you need to practice,not a talent.

The recipe for making any creature is written in its DNA. So last November when geneticists published the near-complete DNA sequence of the long-extinct woolly mammoth, there was much speculation about whether we could bring this behemoth back to life. Creating a living, breathing creature from a genome sequence that exists only in a computer's memory is not possible right now. But someone someday is sure to try it, predictsStephan Schuster, a molecularbiologist at Pennsylvania State University, University Park, and a drivingforce behind the mammoth genome project.

Life in the UK 2012 provides a unique overview of well-being in the UK today. The report is the first snapshot of lifein the UK to be delivered by the Measuring National Well-being program and will be updatedand published annually. Well-being is discussed in terms of the economy, people and the environment. Information such as the unemployment rate or numberof crimes against the person is presented alongside dataon people's thoughts and feelings, for example, satisfaction with our jobs or leisuretime and fear of crime. Together, a richer picture on 'how society is doing' is provided.

If consciousness comes in degrees, then how far along on the spectrum is the octopus? Octopuses almost certainly feel pain. They nurse and protect injuredbody parts, and show a preference not to be touched near wounds. In addition to feeling pain, octopuses also have sophisticatedsensory capacities: excellent eyesight, and acute sensitivity to taste and smell. This, together with their large nervous systems and complexbehavior makes it all but certain. The question of what subjective experience might be like for an octopus is complicatedby the odd relationship between its brain and body.

Gauss was a child prodigy. There are many anecdotesconcerning his precocity as a child, and he made his first ground-breaking mathematical discoverieswhile still a teenager. At just three years old, he correctedan error in his father payroll calculations, and he was looking after his father's accounts on a regular basis by the age of 5. At the age of 7, he is reported to have amazed his teachers by summing the integers from 1 to 100 almost instantly (having quickly spotted that the sum was actually 50 pairs of numbers, with each pair summing to 101 , total 5,050). By the age of 12, he was already attending gymnasium and criticizing Euclid's geometry.

Descendants of the Maya living in Mexico still sometimes refer to themselves as “the corn people.” The phrase is not intended as metaphor. Rather, it's meant to acknowledgetheir abiding dependence on this miraculous grass, the stapleof their diet for almost 9,000 years. The supermarket itself-the wallboard and joint compound, the linoleum and fiberglass and adhesives out of which the building itself has been built-is in no small measure a manifestationof corn.

Currently, there is concern about the increasing amount of time children spend engagedin sedentary activities, the number of children who fail to achieve minimumdaily physical activity guidelines (i.e. 60 min of moderate-to-vigorous intensity activities every day), and the apparent increase in obesity prevalence as a result of such sedentary behavior.Screen-based activities, including television, viewing and playing computer games are among the most frequently observed sedentary activities that children partake3 with children spending 2.5-4 h per day participating in such activities. The introduction of “active video games” (AVGs) into the gaming market presents an opportunity to convert traditional, sedentary screen-time in to active screen- time and thus increase total daily energy expenditure (EE). Modern AVGs utilize cameras and motion sensors to allow the gamer to physically perform a variety of actions, dependenton the console, such as swinging a tennis racquet or running. The most demanding AVGs provided similar responses to walking and, based on international standards, should be classified as low-intensity activities. Whilst AVGs may provide children with a better alternative to sedentary gaming, they are not a sufficient replacementfor normal physical activity, e.g. sports and outdoor play.

Elements of both the psychoanalytic and behaviorist theories are arrangedin modern approaches to personality. Advances in neuroscience have begun to bridgethe gap between biochemistry and behavior, but there is still a great deal that needs to be explained. Without a consistent understanding of personality, how can we begin to categorizerisk takers? If we cannot, we will be unable to comparetheir genes with those of others.

Built in 1880 on 4,000 acres of landoutside of the Chicago city limits, Pullman, Illinois, was the first industrial planned communityin the United States. George Pullman, of the Pullman railroad Car Company, built the south residential portion of the company town first, which contained 531 houses,some of which stand today more or less as they did originally.

McLuhan's preeminent theory was his idea that human history could be dividedinto four eras: the acoustic age, the literary age, the print age and the electronic age. He outlinedthe concept in a 1962 book called The Gutenberg Galaxy, which was releasedjust as the television was starting to become popular. He predictedthe world was entering the fourth, electronic age, which would be characterized by a community of people brought together by technology. He called it the "global village", and said it would be an age when everyone had accessto the same information through technology. The "global village" could be understood to be the internet.

Despite transport problems being a topic of frequent dinner table conversation, comprehensive assessmentof policy directions for transport has been the subject of remarkably little academic analysis. This chapter introduces the scope of the book, which is intended to help redress this shortcoming.The primary focus is on urbantransport policy, with the emphasis being on policy analysis rather than analysis of the policy process. Importantly, the chapter sets out some key propositions that have been important in shaping the authors' approach to the particular matters that are considered in subsequent chapters.

Daniel Harris, a scholar of consumption and style, has observed that until photography finally supplantedillustration as the “primary means of advertising clothing” in the 1950s, glamour inhered lessin the face of the drawing, which was by necessity schematic and generalized, than in the sketch’s attitude, posture, and gestures, especially in the strangely dainty positions of the hands. Glamour once resided so emphatically in the stance of the model that the facesin the illustrations cannot really be said to have expressionsat all, but angles or tilts. The chin raised upwards in a haughty look; the eyes lowered in an attitude of introspection; the head cocked at an inquisitive or coquettish angle: or the profile presented in sharp outline, emanating power the severity like an emperor’s bust embossedon a Roman coin.

Alaska's Aleutian Islands have long been accustomed to shipwrecks. They have been part of local consciousness since a Japanese whaling ship ran agroundnear the western end of the 1,100-mile (1,800-km) volcanic archipelagoin 1780, inadvertently naming what is now Rat Island when the ship's infestation scurriedashore and made itself at home. Since then, there have been at least 190 shipwrecksin the islands.

Researchers already know that spending long periods of time in a zero-gravity environment-- such as that inside the International Space Station (ISS) -- result in loss of bone density and damageto the body’s muscles. That’s partly why stays aboard the ISS are [restricted] at six months. And now, a number of NASA astronauts are reporting that their 20/20 visionfaded after spending time in space, with many needing glasses once they returned to Earth.

In the fast-changing world of modern healthcare, the job of a doctor is more and more like the job of a chief executive. The people who run hospitals and physicians' practices don't just need to know medicine.They must also be ableto balance budgets, motivate a large and diverse staffand make difficult marketing and legal decisions.

The increasing darkness in the Northern Hemisphere this time of year "indicates to the plant that autumnis coming on. So it starts recouping materials from the leavesbefore they drop off. Evergreens protect their needle-like foliage from freezing with waxycoatings and natural "antifreezes." But broadleaf plants, like sugar maples, birches, and sumacs, have no such protections. As a result, they shedtheir leaves. But before they do, the plants first try to salvageimportant nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus.

Americans approached a record level of generosity last year. Of the $260.28 billion given to charity in 2005, 76.5% of it came from individual donors.These people gave across the range of non-profit bodies, from museums to religious organizations, with a heavy emphasison disaster relief after the Asian tsunami and US hurricanes. In total, Americans gave away 2.2% of their household income in 2005, slightly above 40-year average.

A fossilized trackway on public lands in Lake County, Oregon, may reveal cluesabout the ancient family dynamics of Columbian mammoths. Recently excavated by a teamfrom the University of Oregon Museum of Natural and Cultural History, the Bureau of Land Management and the University of Louisiana, the trackway includes 117 footprints thought to represent a number of adultsas well as juvenile and infant mammoths.

Feature films are narratives - they tell stories. Even films based on trueevents will fictionalize them in order to produce drama, to telescope time, to avoid being filled up with too many minorcharacters ,or simply to be more entertaining. Even in the current welter of special-effect movies, feature films are usually summarized by their plots - in their first 'treatment' (or outline of the script idea), in the advance publicity, in the TV guide, in reviews, and in conversations. Films may differ from other kindsof narrative - literary fiction or television drama, for instance - in the medium used and the representational conventions. They do, however, sharewith literary fiction and television drama the basic structure and functions of narrative. Much work has been done by researchers in the field known as 'narratology' on exactly what constitutes the structures and functions of the narrative. Their conclusions are of great use to students of the feature film.

While accounting focuses on the day-to-day management of financial reportsand records across the business world, finance uses this same information to project future growth and to analyzeexpenditure in order to strategize company finances. So finance degree students will likely be more interested in financial strategyand control, while accounting degree students will be more focused on professional principlesand processes, used in order to manage numbers rather than influencethem.

It is important to keep the quantities here in perspective. The volumeof radioactive waste is very small - even smaller if the used materialis chemically re-processed - but it has to be managedcarefully. Most countries acceptthat they are responsible for their own and a number including France, Sweden, Finland, Korea and the USA are now constructing facilities, which will eventually be deep geological repositories.

Some students say that they need complete quiet to read and study. Others study best in a crowded, noisy room because the noise actually helpsthem concentrate. Some students like quiet music playing; othersdo not. The point is, you should know the level of noise that is optimal for your own studying. However, one general rule for all students is that the television seems to be more of a distraction than music or other background noise, so leavethe TV off when you are reading or studying. Also,don't let yourself become distracted by computer games, email, or Internet surfing.

Research is a process of investigation leading to new insightseffectively shared and is central to the purposeof any university. Students have the right to be taught by acknowledged expertsin their field, which requires that staff members operate at the most advanced level appropriate to their disciplineand level. Research is, therefore, crucial to a positivestudent experience from further education to doctoral development.

Eutrophication is a process when bodies of water accumulateto a high nutrient level due to extensive fertilizer in the soil. The water becomes overly enriched with minerals and nutrients which induce excessive bloomsof algae and other aquatic species which may depleteminerals in the water, thus endanger other species.

Giant exoplanets, like the so-called 'hot Jupiters' that are similar in characteristicsto the solar system's biggest planetand orbit very close to their host stars, are excellent targets for astronomersin their search for their extrasolar worlds. The size and proximity of these planets is easy to detectas they create a large decrease in brightness when passing in front of their parent stars.

To qualify as a conservancy, a committee must define the conservancy’s boundary elect a representativeconservancy committee, negotiate a legal constitution, prove the committee’s ability to managefunds, and produce an acceptable plan for equitabledistribution of wildlife-related benefits. Once approved, registeredconservancies acquire the rightsto a sustainable wildlife quota,set by the ministry.

Carbon prices in the European Union also reached their highest level in a decade this summer following a series of reformsmeant to limit the oversupply of creditsand expand many industries subjected to the cap. The biggest development of all may be in China, the world's largest greenhouse gas emitter, which has taken steps toward its own emissionstrading program. China's move has the potentialto narrow the gap between global carbon prices and climate costs to 63 percent in the early 2020s, OECD found.

At the end of the last ice age, the melting ice disrupted the ocean currents in the North Atlantic and causeda drop in temperature of almost 5 degrees. Even though the rest of the planet was warming up,theNorth Atlantic region remained in a cold period for 1300 years. The same thing happened around8000 years ago, when the cooling lasted about a hundred years, and it couldhappen again today. Even a short period of cooling in the North Atlantic could have a dramatic effect on the wildlife, and the human populations, living there.

In search of lessons to applyin our own careers, we often try to emulatewhat effective leaders do. Roger Martin says this focus is misplaced, because moves that work in one context may make little sense in another. A more productive, though more difficult, approach is to look at how such leaders think.After extensive interviews with more than 50 of them, the author discovered that most are integrativethinkers -that is, they can hold in their heads two opposing ideas at once and then come up with a new idea that contains elements of eachbut is superior to both.

Having tracked down research that is relevantto your area of interest the next task is to actually make sense of that research. This section is intended to show you how to be critical of the research you arereviewingand how to check that the evidenceis credible and represented appropriately. Unfortunately this means discussing the ways in which research findings may be misrepresented.

Egg-eating snakes are a small group of snakes whose dietconsists only of eggs. Some eat only small eggs, which they have to swallow whole,as the snake has no teeth. Instead, some other snakes eat bigger eggs, but it requires special treatment.These snakes have spines that stick out from the backbone. The spines crackthe egg openas it passes through the throat.

Of the more than 1,000 bat species worldwide, 22 are nativeto North America. And while there are no pollinator bats in our area, gardeners should championthose that do live here, because they’re insectivorous. These bats consumemoths, beetles and mosquitoes, and can eat up to 500 mosquito-sized insects per hour. They also protect gardens and crops from such pestsas cucumber beetles, cutworms and leafhoppers.

A surprising number of writers, even those who have thought of their writing as "self-expression," have sought a freedomfrom the tyranny of subjectivity, echoing Goethe's claim that "Every healthy effort is directed from the inwardto the outward world." From time to time others have risen to defend commitment, engagement, involvement. But, at least until recently,the predominant demand in this centuryhas been for some sort of objectivity.

What is a country, and how is a country defined? When people ask how many countries there are in the world, they expect a simple answer. After all, we've explored the wholeplanet, we have international travel, satellite navigation and plenty of global organizations like the United Nations, sowe should really know how many countries there are! However, the answer to the question varies according to whom you ask. Mostpeople say there are 192 countries, but others point out that there could be more like 260 of them. Sowhy isn't there a straightforward answer? The problem arises because there isn't a universally agreed definition of 'country' and because, for political reasons, some countries find it convenient to recognize or not recognize othercountries.

The narrative of law and order is located fundamentally at the level of individual guilt and responsibility. Criminal acts are seen as individual issues of personal responsibility and culpability,to which the state responds by way of policing, prosecution,adjudication and punishment. This is but one level at which crime and criminal justice can be analysed. The problem is that so often analysis ends there, at the level of individual action, characterisedin terms of responsibility, guilt, evil. In few other areas of social life does individualism have this hold. To take but one instance,it would be absurd to restrict analysis of obesity, to individual greed. It should similarly be widely seen as absurd to restrict analysis of criminal justice issues to the culpability of individuals.

Music was as important to the ancient Egyptians as it is in our modern society Although it is thought that music played a rolethroughout the history of Egypt, those that studythe Egyptian writings have discovered that music seemedto become more important in what is called the ‘pharaonic’ [period] of their history. This was the timewhen the Egyptian dynasties of the pharaohs were established(around 3100 BCE) and music was found in many parts of every day Egyptian life.

Many tests have shown that, in a very broad way, people in most parts of the world have similar color preferences. Blue is the most preferred and popular hue, followed in order by red, green, purple, yellow, and orange. Overlaying this basic order of color preference, however,are the responses of individuals, which of course vary widelyand may also be very powerful. Children are likely to have strong preferencesfor some colors and aversions to others, but sometimes will not admit to them, since outside factorsmay be influential in determining both color preferences and the way that they are expressed or suppressed. Current fashions in clothes and accessories, gender-stereotyping, and peer-group pressure may all play a significant part. Boys, in particular, may be reluctant to admit to any strong preferences for colors otherthanthose of favorite football teams, because color awareness may be regarded by their peer group as feminine.

overthe past two decades, around a third of the world's mangrove swamps have been convertedfor human use, with many turned into valuable shrimp farms. In 2007 an economic study of such shrimp farms in Thailand showed that the commercial profits per hectare were $9,632. If that were the only factor,conversion would seem an excellent idea. However, proper accountingshows that for each hectare government subsidies formed $8,412 of this figure and there were costs, too: $1,000 for pollution and $12,392 for losses to ecosystem services. These comprised damage to the supply of foods and medicines that people had taken from the forest, the loss of habitats for fish, and less buffering against storms. And because a given shrimp farm only stays productivefor three or four years, there was the additional cost of restoring them afterwards.

A Graphic Introduction was put together by northern artists, who have interpreteddiscussions with scientists from the Supergen Bioenergy Hub in a seriesof striking images which imagine alternative futures and explain some of the technology involvedand how it might be put into practice.

The Classic era of Mayan civilizationcame to an end around 900 AD. Why this happened is unclear; the cities were probably over-farming the land, so that a periodof drought led to famine. Recent geological researchsupports this, as there appears to have been a 200-year drought around this time.

Most important of all is the fact that for each new ballet-pantomime created at the Paris Opera during the July Monarchy, a new score was produced. The reason for this is simple: these ballet -pantomimes told stories - elaborate ones -and music was considered an indispensable tool in getting them across to the audience. Therefore,music had to be newly created to fit each story Music tailor-made for each new ballet-pantomime, however, was only one weapon in the Opera's explanatory arsenal. Anotherwas the ballet-pantomime libretto, a printed booklet of fifteen to forty pages in length, which was sold in the Operas lobby(like the opera libretto), and which laid out the plot in painstaking detail, scene by scene. Critics also took it upon themselves to recount the plots (of both ballet-pantomimes and operas) in their reviewsof premieres. So did the publishers of souvenir albums, which also featured pictures of famous performersand of scenes from favorite ballet- pantomimes and operas.

To understand how many inhabitants of a country are poor, it is not enough to know a country's per capita income.The number of poor people in a country and the averagequality of life depend on how equally or unequally income is distributedacross the population. In Brazil and Hungary, for example,per capita income levels are quite comparable, but the incidenceof poverty in Brazil is much higher.

Houston is the fifth-largest metropolitan area in the United States and has an outsized impacton the U.S. economy. More than 90 percent of U.S. offshore oil and gas productiontakes place in the Texas Gulf Coast area, and the Houston region contains the largest concentrationof energy, petrochemical, and refining industries in the United States. Houston is home to 25 percent of the country's petroleum refining capability, 40 percent of the nation's capacity for downstream chemical production, and the fastest-growing liquefied natural gas industry in the nation.

A new report by environmental nonprofitThe Nature Conservancy lays out how trees could pave the way to cleaner air and cooler cities. Using geospatialinformation on forest cover paired with air pollution data and population forecastsfor 245 cities, researchers found that trees have the biggest health payoffsin densely populated, polluted cities like Delhi, Karachi and Dhaka. The Conservancy and the C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group presented the findings of their global survey this week at the American Public Health Association meeting in Denver, Colorado.

The theme of contrast evident in Blue Skies is typical of Ms Vu's work. She explores organic structures using the newest technologies. She is inspired by minutedetail but often works on a large scale. Her sculptures are ambiguous,yet familiar, blurring the boundaries between the real and the artificial. Organic structures and spirals are the starting point for my creative exploration. Butmy work extends these concepts to explore the overlapbetween the real and the artificial, and how we often don't differentiate between the two,' Ms Vu said.

Your body is nearly two-thirds water. And so it is really important that you consumeenough fluid to stay hydratedand healthy. If you don't get enough fluid you may feel tired,get headaches, and not perform at your best.

Mercury is not found in many common products that we buy because it can be very dangerous. The most common products that containmercury are batteries, powerful outdoor lights, disinfectants and thermometers, which are used to measure our body's temperature. It can also be found in barometers, which are used to measure air pressure and showchanges in weather, and thermostats, which regulatethe temperature of buildings, Mercury can also be found in printer and photocopy toners.

The wrist watch works by trackinginformation such as a person's pulse or movement. When it detectsa change in a person's health, the watch sends information to a touchscreen hub locatedin the home. The hub then alertspre-determined contacts and calls for help immediately.

The Australian Maritime College at the University of Tasmania, in partnershipwith CSIRO and University of Queensland, have been awarded $2.49 million in supportfor their new project that is set to attract and underpin investment in tidal energy in Australia. The project hopes to overcome barriers to investment in commercial-scale tidal farms in Australia by mapping the country’s tidal energy in more detailthan ever before.

Like the sea turtles, we are drawnto the bright lights of our phones, tablets, laptops, and TVs, our minds and bodies becoming disorientedas we lose focus and direction. Each day, we are tornbetween the value of tech and the cost to our health.

Since Austria sits at a high elevation and spends a quarter of the year under snow,it should come as no surprise that heating is a matter of considerable importance in the country.What may be surprising, however, is that Vienna—a grand imperial city of music, art, and history—actually boasts a museum dedicatedspecifically to heating systems.

Our active learning classrooms contain an array of circulartables. Each table seats up to nine students with wireless laptop computers to encourage student engagement.The tables are equipped with microphones and a lamp to signalwhen someone needs help or wishes to speak to the entire room.

Chaucer’s Tales quickly spreadthroughout England in the early fifteenth century. Scholars feel The Canterbury Tales reachedtheir instant and continued success because of their accurate and oftentimes vividportrayal of human nature, unchanged through 600 years since Chaucer’s time. George Macy, founder of The Limited Editions Club wrote on The Canterbury Tales.

Climate is the word we usefor weather over a long period of time. The desert has a dryclimate, because there isvery little rain. The UK hasa temperate climate, which means winters are, overall, mild andsummers, generally, don't get too hot.

David Lynch is professor and head of education at Charles Darwin University. Priorto this he was sub dean in the Faculty of Education and Creative Arts at Central Queensland University and foundation head of the University’s Noosa campus.David’s career in education began as a primary school teacher in Queensland in the early 1980’s and progressedto four principal positions before enteringhigher education. David’s research interests predominate in teacher education with particular interest in building teacher capability to meet a changed world.

For two decades, leading up to the millennium, global demand for food increasedsteadily, along with growth in the world' s population, record harvests, improvementsin incomes, and the diversification of diets. As a result, food prices continued to declinethrough 2000. But beginning in 2004, prices for most grains began to rise. Rising production could not keep pace with the even strongergrowth in demand.

With the increase in women 's participationin the labour force, many mothers have less time availableto undertake domestic activities. At the same time, there has been increasing recognitionthat the father 's role and relationshipwith a child is important. A father can have many rolesin the family, ranging from income provider to teacher, carer, playmate and role model. Therefore, balancing paid work and family responsibilities can be an important issue for both fathers and mothers in families.

Considered highly intelligent, extremelyenergetic, acrobatic and athletic, they frequently competewith great success in sheepdog trials and dog sports. They are often citedas the most intelligent of all domestic dogs. Border Collies continue to be employed in their traditional work of herdinglivestock throughout the world.